Comprehensive Approaches in Sports Preparticipation Medical Evaluation

Abstract

Purpose: With the increasing global participation in sports across all demographic groups, the need for Preparticipation Medical Assessment (PME) is of paramount importance. This article examines the multifaceted nature of PME, encompassing nutritional, psychological, and musculoskeletal assessments as well as the importance of cardiac evaluation. The primary aim of this comprehensive approach is to prevent Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) and mitigate risks, such as musculoskeletal injuries and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-s), that may occur during the season, ultimately ensuring the long-term health and safety of athletes. This review aims to guide a broad audience, including sports physicians, coaches, physiotherapists, athletes' parents, and medical students, by examining the current approaches, components, and practices of PME in Türkiye, while also considering approaches in other countries. The primary objective is to highlight the critical role of PME in athletes' health, explain methods for identifying risk factors, and summarize current guidelines for assessing athletes' fitness for sport.